A critique does not consist in saying that things aren't good the way they are. It consists in seeing on just what type of assumptions, of familiar notions, of established and unexamined ways of thinking the accepted practices are based... To do criticism is to make harder those acts which are now too easy.
Interpretation
Critique involves questioning the assumptions behind accepted practices rather than merely rejecting them.
In this quote, Michel Foucault emphasizes that true critique goes beyond just denouncing the current state of affairs. It requires a deeper examination of the underlying assumptions, norms, and unchallenged ideas that shape accepted practices. Criticism, in Foucault's view, should complicate our understanding and make us question the ease with which we accept things as they are.
In practice
In a debate about educational policies, one might use this quote to highlight the importance of questioning underlying assumptions.
A real subjection is born mechanically from a fictitious relation [...] He who is subjected to a field of visibility, and who knows it, assumes responsibility for the constraints of power; he makes them play spontaneously upon himself; he inscribed in himself the power relation in which he simultaneously plays both roles; he becomes the principle of his own subjection.
Matthey, a Geneva physician very close to Rousseau's influence, formulates the prospect for all men of reason: 'Do not glory in your state, if you are wise and civilized men; an instant suffices to disturb and annihilate that supposed wisdom of which you are so proud; an unexpected event, a sharp and sudden emotion of the soul will abruptly change the most reasonable and intelligent man into a raving idiot.
But the guilty person is only one of the targets of punishment. For punishment is directed above all at others, at all the potentially guilty.
I don’t feel that it is necessary to know exactly what I am. The main interest in life and work is to become someone else that you were not in the beginning. If you knew when you began a book what you would say at the end, do you think that you would have the courage to write it? What is true for writing and for love relationships is true also for life. The game is worthwhile insofar as we don’t know what will be the end.
You may have killed God beneath the weight of all that you have said; but don't imagine that, with all that you are saying, you will make a man that will live longer than he.
The work of an intellectual is not to mould the political will of others; it is, through the analyses that he does in his own field, to re-examine evidence and assumptions, to shake up habitual ways of working and thinking, to dissipate conventional familiarities, to re-evaluate rules and institutions and to participate in the formation of a political will (where he has his role as citizen to play).
People into hard sciences, neurophysiology, often ignore a core philosophical question: 'What is the relationship between our unique, inner experience of conscious awareness and material substance?' The answer is: We don't know, and some people are so terrified to say, 'I don't know.'
Waking consciousness is dreaming – but dreaming constrained by external reality
It was the experience of mystery - even if mixed with fear - that engendered religion.
Capital punishment is as fundamentally wrong as a cure for crime as charity is wrong as a cure for poverty.
Those who look for the laws of Nature as a support for their new works collaborate with the creator.
Why need I volumes, if one word suffice?
Subscribe for the occasional hand-picked quote. No noise.