Money is not capital in most of the developing countries. It's just cash. Because it lacks the institutional, organizational, managerial forms to turn it into capital.
Economics taught in most of the elite universities are practically useless in my context. My country is dominated by drug economy and a mafia. Textbook economics does not work in my context, and I have very few recommendations from anybody as to how to put together a legal economy.
Interpretation
What this quote means
The quote criticizes traditional economics for being irrelevant in a context dominated by illegal activities.
Ashraf Ghani's statement highlights the disconnect between academic economics and the realities faced in regions where illicit economies, such as drug trafficking, prevail. He emphasizes the need for practical, context-specific solutions rather than standard textbook theories that do not account for the complexities of such environments, reflecting the struggles of nations trying to build a lawful economy amidst entrenched criminal networks.
Themes
In practice
Example use cases
In a lecture about the applications of economics, one might use this quote to illustrate the importance of context when studying economic theories.
More from Ashraf Ghani
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All systems are capitalist. It's just a matter of who owns and controls the capital -- ancient king, dictator, or private individual. We should properly be looking at the contrast between a free market system where individuals have the right to live like kings if they have the ability to earn that right and government control of the market system such as we find today in socialist nations.
Capitalism and market forces are very powerful in producing wealth and innovation. But we need to ensure that these forces act in the common interest.
Credit markets were originally created to serve human needs; to provide businesses and individuals with capital to start or expand businesses or fulfill other financial needs.
I'm an entrepreneur trying to let the American people know that it's not immigrants that are causing economic problems, it is the fact that our economy is advancing in ways that is making human labor less and less essential.
He who controls the money supply of a nation controls the nation.
Wealthy Americans who benefit hugely from a system rigged in their favor react with hysteria to anyone who points out just how rigged the system is.