The most valuable of all capital is that invested in human beings
Alfred MarshallRead
All wealth consists of desirable things; that is, things which satisfy human wants directly or indirectly: but not all desirable things are reckoned as wealth.
Interpretation
Wealth includes desirable items that fulfill human wants, but not all desirable items are considered wealth.
This quote by Alfred Marshall emphasizes the distinction between wealth and desirability. It suggests that while wealth is fundamentally linked to what people find desirable and necessary for their well-being, not everything that is desirable counts as wealth. This perspective encourages a deeper understanding of economic value and the subjective nature of human wants.
In practice
During a lecture about the nature of wealth and economics, this quote can illustrate the limitations of defining wealth purely in monetary terms.
The most valuable of all capital is that invested in human beings
Those on the downside of rising economic inequality generally do not want government policies that look like handouts. They typically do not want the government to make the tax system more progressive, to impose punishing taxes on the rich, in order to give the money to them. Redistribution feels demeaning. It feels like being labeled a failure.
The present tax codes inhibit the mobility and formation of capital, add complexities and inequities which undermine the morale of the taxpayer, and make tax avoidance rather than market factors a prime consideration in too many economic decisions.
A global economy is characterized not only by the free movement of goods and services but, more important, by the free movement of ideas and of capital.
How can government reduce the frequency and the severity of future catastrophes? Companies that have the potential to create significant harm must be required to pay for the costs they inflict, either before or after the fact. Economists agree on this general approach. The problem is in putting such a policy into effect.
Today, if you look at financial systems around the globe, more than half the population of the world - out of six billion people, more than three billion - do not qualify to take out a loan from a bank. This is a shame.
Inequality has risen to the point that it seems to me worthwhile for the U.S. to seriously consider taking the risk of making our economy more rewarding for more of the people.
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